Enter your current net worth, monthly savings, expected return, and annual expenses to find your financial-independence date — and whether you are already Coast FI against US Social Security full retirement age 67.
A US-localised calculator pre-filled in USD. Use it to project growth inside a 401(k), Roth IRA, HSA, or taxable brokerage over typical American working-life horizons.
FIRE rests on one formula: FI target = annual expenses ÷ safe withdrawal rate. At 4% SWR that is 25× your expenses. Once your portfolio reaches that number, it can sustain inflation-adjusted withdrawals indefinitely (based on historical data).
In a US context: the most tax-efficient FIRE portfolio combines a Roth IRA (tax-free growth and withdrawal after 59½), a traditional 401(k) (pre-tax contributions, taxable withdrawals), and an HSA (triple tax-advantaged for medical). A taxable brokerage bridges the gap between early retirement and age 59½ when retirement accounts are penalty-free accessible (or via Rule 72(t) SEPP for earlier access). Note that Roth IRA contribution basis (not earnings) can be withdrawn at any age without penalty.
The US Social Security full retirement age is 67 for those born after 1960. If your projected FIRE date is before 67, plan to self-fund the gap — but if you are already Coast FI (shown above if applicable), your current portfolio can grow to the target without further contributions.
Worked example: A $10,000 Roth IRA balance plus $500/month at 7% for 30 years compounds to roughly $640,000 — entirely tax-free at qualified withdrawal because Roth contributions were made post-tax.
FIRE stands for Financial Independence, Retire Early. The target is 25× annual expenses at 4% SWR. In the US, the most tax-efficient FIRE portfolio combines a Roth IRA (tax-free), 401(k) (pre-tax), HSA (triple tax-advantaged), and taxable brokerage for bridging the gap to age 59½.
The SWR is the annual percentage you can withdraw without running out of money. The Trinity Study found 4% survived 95% of 30-year scenarios. For 40+ year US retirements, 3–3.5% provides additional margin.
For a US-market or globally-diversified index fund, 6–8% nominal is a common historical assumption. Inside a Roth IRA or Roth 401(k), growth and qualified withdrawals are tax-free. In a traditional 401(k), withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income. In a taxable brokerage, long-term capital gains rates (0%, 15%, 20%) apply.
Coast FIRE: your portfolio can reach FI by US full retirement age (67) without further contributions. Lean FIRE: under ~$25,000/year. Fat FIRE: $100,000+/year. Change the annual expenses input to model each.
Roth IRA / Roth 401(k): tax-free qualified withdrawals after 59½. Traditional 401(k) / IRA: pre-tax in, taxable out. HSA: triple tax-advantaged for medical. Early withdrawals before 59½ typically incur a 10% penalty (Rule 72(t) SEPP, Roth contribution basis are exceptions). Social Security full retirement age is 67 — FIRE before that requires self-funding the gap.
ProFinanceCast turns one-off calculations into a living 10-year forecast that updates as your income, expenses, and goals change. Free forever for the core forecast.